Mental Retardation or Intellectual disability is a condition in which the intelligence quotient (IQ) of the individual is less than normal. While an individual having an IQ above 80 is considered normal, those below it are considered as disabled. The child’s intelligence, development, reasoning, adaptability, decision-making ability, and interactive skills are hampered to various degrees. Depending on the severity it can be classified as mild (IQ score 50-75), moderate (IQ 35-55), severe (IQ 20-40), and profound (IQ less than 20) It is a genetic disorder in which instead of normal 46 chromosomes, one more additional chromosome is present. This defect occurs during cell division when genetic material exchange and rearrangement takes place and primarily affects the 21 st chromosome, hence Down’s syndrome is also known as 21 trisomies. The children suffering from this have a typical appearance. They usually have a short neck and small head, eyes that slant upwards and outwards, a single crease line on their palms, small hands and feet, and poor muscle tone. Their growth is retarded, milestones are delayed and their IQ is below normal. The children affected with Down may also have complications like congenital heart defects, gastrointestinal disorders like celiac disease, obesity, and dementia. Dr. Akhil Dhanda at DHANDA PSYCHIATRY CLINIC helps to treat mental retardation disorder. Visit us today.
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